Effects and Cultivation Theory

Effects:

- Media is powerful
- Hypodermic needle-rejecting messages
- Passive Audience
- Bandura's Bobo doll

Moral Panics:

- Society/community creates anxiety about media

Cultivation Theory:

- Repeated exposure to violence in media cultivates aggression over time.
- Audience Passive



The Guardian's Article:

- Link between aggression and video games/conduct disorder
- 8/9 year olds (year 4's) & 15 year olds (year 10's)
- Problem with categorising violent games. Levels or degrees of violence. eg: difference between a first person shooter (Call of Duty) & strategy games (World of Warcraft)
- Could be caused by competitiveness (conduct disorder) rather than violence
- Personalities determines which media contents are chosen, even at an early age. Media reflects existing problems rather than causing.
- Weak link between violent video games and its association with aggression. Refuses Effects Theory.